配置加载流程
Dubbo 中的配置加载流程介绍
此篇文档主要讲在应用启动阶段,Dubbo框架如何将所需要的配置采集起来(包括应用配置、注册中心配置、服务配置等),以完成服务的暴露和引用流程。
根据驱动方式的不同(比如Spring或裸API编程)配置形式上肯定会有所差异,具体请参考XML配置、Annotation配置、API配置三篇文档。除了外围驱动方式上的差异,Dubbo的配置读取总体上遵循了以下几个原则:
- Dubbo 支持了多层级的配置,并按预定优先级自动实现配置间的覆盖,最终所有配置汇总到数据总线URL后驱动后续的服务暴露、引用等流程。
- ApplicationConfig、ServiceConfig、ReferenceConfig 可以被理解成配置来源的一种,是直接面向用户编程的配置采集方式。
- 配置格式以 Properties 为主,在配置内容上遵循约定的
path-based
的命名规范
配置来源
首先,从Dubbo支持的配置来源说起,默认有四种配置来源:
- JVM System Properties,-D 参数
- Externalized Configuration,外部化配置
- ServiceConfig、ReferenceConfig 等编程接口采集的配置
- 本地配置文件 dubbo.properties
覆盖关系
下图展示了配置覆盖关系的优先级,从上到下优先级依次降低:
点此查看外部化配置详情
配置格式
目前Dubbo支持的所有配置都是.properties
格式的,包括-D
、Externalized Configuration
等,.properties
中的所有配置项遵循一种path-based
的配置格式:
# 应用级别
dubbo.{config-type}[.{config-id}].{config-item}={config-item-value}
# 服务级别
dubbo.service.{interface-name}[.{method-name}].{config-item}={config-item-value}
dubbo.reference.{interface-name}[.{method-name}].{config-item}={config-item-value}
# 多配置项
dubbo.{config-type}s.{config-id}.{config-item}={config-item-value}
应用级别
dubbo.application.name=demo-provider
dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
dubbo.protocol.port=-1
服务级别
dubbo.service.org.apache.dubbo.samples.api.DemoService.timeout=5000
dubbo.reference.org.apache.dubbo.samples.api.DemoService.timeout=6000
dubbo.reference.org.apache.dubbo.samples.api.DemoService.sayHello.timeout=7000
多配置项
dubbo.registries.unit1.address=zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
dubbo.registries.unit2.address=zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2182
dubbo.protocols.dubbo.name=dubbo
dubbo.protocols.dubbo.port=20880
dubbo.protocols.hessian.name=hessian
dubbo.protocols.hessian.port=8089
扩展配置
dubbo.application.parameters=[{item1:value1},{item2:value2}]
dubbo.reference.org.apache.dubbo.samples.api.DemoService.parameters=[{item3:value3}]
几种编程配置方式
接下来,我们看一下选择不同的开发方式时,对应到 ServiceConfig、ReferenceConfig 等编程接口采集的配置的变化。
Spring XML
参见示例
<!-- dubbo-provier.xml -->
<dubbo:application name="demo-provider"/>
<dubbo:config-center address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/>
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" simplified="true"/>
<dubbo:metadata-report address="redis://127.0.0.1:6379"/>
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880"/>
<bean id="demoService" class="org.apache.dubbo.samples.basic.impl.DemoServiceImpl"/>
<dubbo:service interface="org.apache.dubbo.samples.basic.api.DemoService" ref="demoService"/>
Spring Annotation
参见示例
// AnnotationService服务实现
@Service
public class AnnotationServiceImpl implements AnnotationService {
@Override
public String sayHello(String name) {
System.out.println("async provider received: " + name);
return "annotation: hello, " + name;
}
}
## dubbo.properties
dubbo.application.name=annotation-provider
dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
dubbo.protocol.name=dubbo
dubbo.protocol.port=20880
Spring Boot
参见示例
## application.properties
# Spring boot application
spring.application.name=dubbo-externalized-configuration-provider-sample
# Base packages to scan Dubbo Component: @com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service
dubbo.scan.base-packages=com.alibaba.boot.dubbo.demo.provider.service
# Dubbo Application
## The default value of dubbo.application.name is ${spring.application.name}
## dubbo.application.name=${spring.application.name}
# Dubbo Protocol
dubbo.protocol.name=dubbo
dubbo.protocol.port=12345
## Dubbo Registry
dubbo.registry.address=N/A
## DemoService version
demo.service.version=1.0.0
API
参考示例
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServiceConfig<GreetingsService> service = new ServiceConfig<>();
service.setApplication(new ApplicationConfig("first-dubbo-provider"));
service.setRegistry(new RegistryConfig("multicast://224.5.6.7:1234"));
service.setInterface(GreetingsService.class);
service.setRef(new GreetingsServiceImpl());
service.export();
System.out.println("first-dubbo-provider is running.");
System.in.read();
}
最后修改 November 14, 2023: Fix broken links (#2863) (da40888aa5)